Low Water-Use Landscapes

This article was originally published on August 20, 2012 and expired on August 27, 2012. It is provided here for archival purposes and may contain dated information.

This is a perfect year to learn more about low water-use landscapes, also known as Xeriscapes. By definition a Xeriscape is a garden or landscape that needs little supplemental water.

Water is a key part of gardening, but we can all use water more efficiently. Landscapes use approximately 50 percent of our home water. It has been estimated that many gardeners use about twice as much water in their landscapes as is needed. Landscapes increase the value of our homes by 15 percent, so they are an important part of our home. Here are seven principles to consider in water efficient landscaping.

First, plan and design. You could plan an entirely new landscape, which is usually not feasible or desirable. Or, you can develop greater water efficiency in the existing landscape. Sometimes both approaches can be used as new sections are developed or older areas are remodeled.

Second, use turf alternatives. We could convert turf areas to groundcovers or hardscapes, but that is not always necessary. Alternative grasses that use less water are available. Sometimes, though, we must simply accept that our cool-season grasses will go dormant and turn brown in the heat of summer.

Third, mulch, mulch, mulch. Mulch is important for many reasons. It is nice to look at. It keeps plant's roots cooler and reduces temperature fluctuations. Mulch can also reduce watering needs by as much as 50 percent.

Fourth, zone your plants. Separate your yard into water-use zones. Plants that survive well with only natural rainfall go into the low water-use zone. A moderate water-use zone includes plants that need some additional water during times of stress such as drought. High water-use zones include plants selected for special needs or hobby interest that often need additional water.

Fifth, do soil improvements. The better and deeper the soil preparation and improvement, the greater a plant's ability to survive. Your best friend here is organic matter, added 1/3 by volume to the entire planting area. Other amendments should be done according to soil test results.

Sixth, use efficient irrigation. Irrigate each zone separately and only when needed. Use appropriate nozzles and only water the intended area, not your sidewalk and driveway.

Finally, use appropriate plant maintenance. This includes proper fertilization, pruning, and pest management. Know your plant material and put the right plant in the right place. Lists are available to help choose correctly.

Source: Rhonda J. Ferree, Extension Educator, Horticulture, ferreer@illinois.edu

Pull date: August 27, 2012