Hi Heather, Sounds like you have a great learning experience ahead of you. You can transplant roses now if you like. As far as identifying plants it is often better to wait til they flower and to take pix. Check with your local extension office about contacting them to help with plant id. please check out this website to find an office nearest you.
http://web.extension.uiuc.edu/state/ good luck and happy gardening, Sandy