Our Solutions series recommends using a commercial rust removal product like Iron Out or Whink, following the package directions carefully.
It also said that you can soak lighter stains in lemon juice before laundering. Once something has been laundered and dried in the dryer, the stain is pretty well set. Do not use chlorine bleach, because that tends to set rust stains.
You can also do a search on google to see if you can find other ideas. I found homemade recipes of using salt and lemon juice together, boiling water with cream of tarter in it and soaking the clothes, and one that recommended using rhubarb that had been boiled and then strained. As with most things you find on the internet, you have to use your best judgement. The materials I have here in our office recommend the commercial cleaner or the lemon juice.