Greetings John:
The mean residence time of the alleotoxin "juglone" is quite variable and likely is affected by soil organic matter content, pH, clay content, soil texture, moisture content, microbial activity, etc.
Rather than reinvent the wheel with an answer to your question, I'm simply going to refer you to an excellent publication by Purdue University which answers all your questions!
Black Walnut Toxicity:
http://www.ces.purdue.edu/extmedia/HO/HO-193.pdf
Best of luck!