Greetings Deanna!
Whether it is a hardwood (oak, hickory, maple) or a conifer (white pine, white fir, Douglas-fir), I strongly advocate pruning during the dormant season (late fall, winter). Pruning during the growing season (spring, summer) is simply an invitation to pests and pathogens that can potentially infect the tree's fresh wounds.
As a general rule of thumb: (1) maintain at least 2/3 of the tree's height in live crown, and (2) never remove more than 1/3 of the live crown during a pruning operation.
Thank you for your question!