Not specific to a particular plant. Dicots are primarily affected.

The list below of specific plants is NOT all inclusive. It reflects the authors' experience as well as University of Illinois herbicide injury research trial results.

• Amur Maple (Acer ginnala)

Annual

• Ageratum (Ageratum houstonianum)
• Alyssum (Lobularia maritima)
• Angelonia (Angelonia angustifolia)
• Begonia (Begonia sp.)
• Calibrachoa (Calibrachoa x hybrida)
• Coleus (Solenostemon scutellarioides)
• Cosmos (Cosmos bipinnatus)
• Garden Verbena (Verbena x hybrida)
• Geranium (Pelargonium x hortorum)
• Hollyhock (Alcea rosea)
• Snapdragon (Antirrhinum majus)
• Tubrose Begonia (Begonia tuberhybrida)
• Wax Begonia, Fibrous Begonia (Begonia x semperflorens-cultorum)

Shrub

• Bridalwreath Spirea (Spiraea prunifolia)
• Bumald Spirea (Spiraea x bumalda)
• Carolina Rhododendron (Rhododendron carolinianum)
• Carolina Rose (Rosa carolina)
• Catawba Rhododendron (Rhododendron catawbiense)
• Common Lilac (Syringa vulgaris)
• Father Hugo Rose (Rosa xanthina forma hugonis (Rosa hugonis))
• Flame Azalea (Rhododendron calendulaceum)
• Harrison's Yellow Rose (Rosa x harisonii)
• Japanese Spirea (Spiraea japonica)
• Korean Rhododendron (Rhododendron mucronulatum)
• Late Lilac (Syringa villosa)
• Manchurian Lilac (Syringa pubescens subsp.patula)
• Meyer Lilac (Syringa meyeri )
• Old Fashioned Weigela (Weigela florida )
• Redleaf Rose (Rosa glauca)
• Rugosa Rose (Rosa rugosa)
• Snowmound Nippon Spirea (Spiraea nipponica 'Snowmound')
• Thunberg Spirea (Spiraea thunbergii)

Small Fruit

• Blackberry (Rubus species)
• Blueberry (Vaccinium sp. Example: Highbush - V. corymbos)
• Gooseberries (Ribes hirtellum; Ribes grossularia)
• Grape (Vitis vinifera)
• Raspberry (Rubus ideaus and R. occidentalis)
• Strawberry (Fragaria spp.)

Tree

• Eastern White Pine (Pinus strobus)
• Miyabe Maple (Acer miyabei)
• Norway Maple (Acer platanoides)
• Paperbark Maple (Acer griseum)
• Red Maple (Acer rubrum)
• Red Oak (Quercus rubra)
• Silver Maple (Acer saccharinum)
• Sugar Maple (Acer saccharum)

Vegetable

• Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris, P. lunatus)
• Broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica)
• Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.)
• Onion (Allium cepa)
• Pepper (Capsicum annum L. var. annum)
• Summer Squash (Cucurbita pepo and Cucurbita maxima)
• Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)

Vine

• Clematis, Golden (Clematis tangutica)
• Clematis, Italian (Clematis vitacella)
• Clematis, Jackman (Clematis x jackmanii)
• Clematis, Sweet Autumn (Clematis terniflora)
• Morning Glory (Ipomoea tricolor)
• Morning Glory, Common (Ipomoea purpurea)
• Porcelain Vine (Ampelopsis brevipedunculata)
• Sweet Pea, Annual (Lathyrus odoratus)
• Sweet Pea, Perennial (Lathyrus latifolius)

The growth regulator compounds mimic different growth regulating compounds in the plant and may cause a variety of growth abnormalities in susceptible species. The injury symptoms generally are first seen in the newly developing tissue or leaves.

Benzoic Acids: dicamba (Banvel, Clarity, and a component of Marksman and Distinct)

Phenoxyacetic acids: 2,4-D, 2,4-DB, MCPP, and MCPA.

Pyridinecarboxylic acids: clopyralid (Stinger, Lontrel, and a component of Curtail), fluroxypyr (Starane, Spotlight, and Vista), picloram (Tordon) and triclopyr (Garlon and Turflon Ester).

Characteristics of activity:

• Translocated in both xylem and phloem.

Symptoms of Injury:

• Stunting and cupped-shaped crinkled leaves.
• Twisting of stems and petioles.
• Leaf strapping,puckering, parallel venation. (associated with pyridinecarboxylic acids).

• Read and follow all label directions.
• Use caution when applying PGR herbicides around broadleaf plants as desirable plants may be sensitive and injury may result.
• Do not spray when air temperature and/or humidity is high or is expected to be high.
• Do not spray when wind speed and direction are such that herbicide drift is likely to occur.
• Affected plants may or may not survive herbicide drift; it depends on both the degree of exposure and the plant's tolerance to the herbicide.
• Water and fertilize plants as needed to promote good plant health.
• Illinois residents: If you suspect herbicide injury as a result of off-target movement from a nearby application and you are interested in filing a complaint with the Illinois Department of Agriculture, call the Illinois Department of Agriculture's Bureau of Environmental Programs at 1-800-641-3934. To learn more about spray drift and the formal complaint process, visit the Illinois Pesticide Safety Education Spray Drift Resources website.
• Non-Illinois residents: If you are interested in filing a complaint, contact your state pesticide control official via the Association of American Pesticide Control Officials website.